Pinsky J J
J Human Stress. 1978 Sep;4(3):17-21. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1978.9934991.
There is sufficient reason to classify some ongoing pain problems as syndromes. Patients who suffer with chronic, intractable, benign pain syndromes (CIBPS) have truly functional biopsychosocial disorders. There is no longer any current pathophysiology operative, and the pain syndrome persists with its psychosocially perpetuating and disrupting features. An intense group psychotherapy approach in the therapeutic milieu of a medical-surgical setting fosters and evokes affect expression and understanding. This encourages the formation of cognitive patterns that are therapeutically useful in that they extend coping abilities and, hence, diminish the pain and suffering experience and life problems attendant to it.
有充分的理由将一些持续存在的疼痛问题归类为综合征。患有慢性、顽固性、良性疼痛综合征（CIBPS）的患者确实存在功能性生物心理社会障碍。目前已不存在任何起作用的病理生理学因素，而疼痛综合征却因其心理社会方面持续存在并造成破坏的特征而持续存在。在外科医疗环境的治疗环境中采用强化团体心理治疗方法，可促进并引发情感表达与理解。这有助于形成具有治疗作用的认知模式，因为它们能扩展应对能力，从而减轻疼痛和痛苦体验以及随之而来的生活问题。
