Kleber H D, Gold M S, Riordan C E
Bull Narc. 1980;32(2):1-10.
Use of clonidine hydrochloride in detoxification from opiates has demonstrated that this substance can rapidly suppress the signs and symptoms associated with opiate withdrawal. Clonidine hydrochloride, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, is a non-opiate substance. Studies to date indicate that clonidine is useful for withdrawal from methadone maintenance, where it can help in detoxifying the patient in less than 14 days (instead of the usual three to six months) with a high rate of success in achieving zero dosage. The results of a clinical investigation of clonidine are presented and discussed in this paper. It has been shown to suppress signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal in patients taking up to 75 mg of methadone daily. Shorter-acting narcotics may be withdrawn in less than a week. To prevent relapse, post-detoxification counselling and the use of the narcotic antagonist, naltrexone, are recommended.
盐酸可乐定在阿片类药物脱毒治疗中的应用表明，该物质能迅速抑制与阿片类药物戒断相关的体征和症状。盐酸可乐定是一种α-肾上腺素能激动剂，属于非阿片类物质。迄今为止的研究表明，可乐定对美沙酮维持治疗的脱毒有效，它能在不到14天的时间内帮助患者脱毒（而非通常的三至六个月），且在实现零剂量方面成功率很高。本文介绍并讨论了可乐定的一项临床研究结果。已证明它能抑制每日服用多达75毫克美沙酮患者的阿片类药物戒断体征和症状。作用时间较短的麻醉药品可在不到一周的时间内停用。为防止复发，建议进行脱毒后咨询并使用麻醉拮抗剂纳曲酮。
