Dimond M
J Adv Nurs. 1981 Nov;6(6):461-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1981.tb03250.x.
Loss is a common occurrence in the lives of the elderly. One of the most profound losses is the death of a spouse. Yet, infrequent and predictable as this event is for older adults, we know very little about the grieving process or the resolution of grief among this age group. For nurses who care for older clients an understanding of loss and bereavement is important in order to provide appropriate and timely support. In this paper the nature of grief and bereavement behaviour is discussed beginning with the earliest empirical work done in 1930 and including a synopsis of six major variations of grief. A comprehensive review and critique of current investigations provides the basis for suggesting that, because of flaws in conceptualization and design, there are substantial limits on the relevance of existing knowledge of grief for an understanding of this phenomenon among the aged bereaved. A beginning theoretical integration and discussion of key concepts related to bereavement and the elderly is provided. This discussion is summarized in a proposed model. This paper concludes with suggestions for nursing research and practice.
失去是老年人生活中的常见现象。最深刻的失去之一是配偶的死亡。然而，尽管这一事件在老年人中并不罕见且可预测，但我们对这个年龄组的悲伤过程或悲伤的解决知之甚少。对于照顾老年客户的护士来说，了解失去和丧亲之痛对于提供适当和及时的支持很重要。本文讨论了悲伤和丧亲行为的本质，从1930年最早的实证研究开始，包括六种主要悲伤变体的概述。对当前调查的全面回顾和批判为以下观点提供了依据：由于概念化和设计上的缺陷，现有悲伤知识对于理解老年丧亲者中的这一现象的相关性存在很大限制。本文对与丧亲之痛和老年人相关的关键概念进行了初步的理论整合和讨论。这一讨论总结在一个提议的模型中。本文最后提出了护理研究和实践的建议。
