Worthington E L, Martin G A, Shumate M
JOGN Nurs. 1982 Jan-Feb;11(1):45-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1982.tb01002.x.
To investigate coping strategies taught in childbirth education classes, a study was conducted to nulliparous women immersing their hands in ice water. Length of tolerance and self-reported pain served as measures of the techniques' effectiveness. Results in Experiment 1 showed structured breathing to be more effective than normal breathing. Effleurage was less helpful than no effleurage. Practice under stress was better than either imaginal practice or no practice. In Experiment 2 a combination of structured breathing and attention focal points was much better than normal breathing. While coaching was better than no coaching, the combination of structured breathing, attention focal points, and coaching produced the strongest treatment.
为了研究分娩教育课程中教授的应对策略，一项针对未生育女性将手浸入冰水中的研究得以开展。耐受时长和自我报告的疼痛程度被用作衡量这些技巧有效性的指标。实验1的结果表明，有组织的呼吸比正常呼吸更有效。轻抚法比不采用轻抚法的效果要差。在压力下进行练习比想象练习或不练习都要好。在实验2中，有组织的呼吸和注意力焦点相结合的方法比正常呼吸要好得多。虽然有指导比没有指导要好，但有组织的呼吸、注意力焦点和指导相结合产生了最强的治疗效果。
