Blake J, Towell D
J Adv Nurs. 1982 Jul;7(4):309-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1982.tb00246.x.
Directors of nursing services and their colleagues in the new units created by NHS restructuring face major challenges in developing effective management for the general nursing service. Emerging ideas within the profession on the organization of nursing work, severe pressures arising from financial constraints at a time of growing health care needs, and restructuring itself each demand a carefully planned response. Beginning from the basic management cycle involved in implementing the nursing process, this paper offers a redefinition of the main functions of nursing management as a whole in meeting these challenges and provides a check-list for reviewing existing management practice. The use of this check-list is then illustrated by a case study in one health district. In this example, managers sought external assistance in planning a programme of action to strengthen nursing leadership. Similar efforts elsewhere are likely to rely mainly on a range of self-help methods. This paper is intended to provide a tool for designing and implementing these local strategies of management development.
国民保健制度（NHS）重组所设立的新部门中的护理服务主任及其同事，在为普通护理服务制定有效管理方案方面面临重大挑战。护理行业内部关于护理工作组织的新观念、医疗保健需求不断增长之际财政紧缩带来的巨大压力以及重组本身，都需要精心规划应对措施。本文从实施护理流程所涉及的基本管理周期入手，重新界定了整体护理管理在应对这些挑战时的主要职能，并提供了一份用于审视现有管理实践的清单。随后通过一个健康区的案例研究来说明该清单的使用方法。在这个例子中，管理人员在规划加强护理领导力的行动计划时寻求了外部援助。其他地方的类似努力可能主要依赖一系列自助方法。本文旨在提供一种工具，用于设计和实施这些地方管理发展战略。
