Kernberg O F
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1982;30(4):893-917. doi: 10.1177/000306518203000404.
I have explored the concepts of self, ego, affects, and drives, with special emphasis on terminological confusions and Freud's use of Selbst and Ich. I have also proposed a modification of the dual instinct theory in the light of the relation between affect and drives. Finally, I have proposed a developmental model on the basis of all the above considerations, and stressed its relevance for the classification of nonorganic psychopathology.
我探讨了自我、自我意识、情感和驱力的概念，特别强调了术语上的混淆以及弗洛伊德对“Selbst”和“Ich”的使用。我还根据情感与驱力之间的关系，对双重本能理论提出了一种修正。最后，基于上述所有考量，我提出了一个发展模型，并强调了其对非器质性精神病理学分类的相关性。
