Graybiel A M, Ragsdale C W
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb;77(2):1214-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.1214.
The distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) in the developing human striatum has been studied histochemically in autopsy material from fetal brains of estimated gestational ages 16-29 weeks (180-1000 g) and from the brains of infants 2 days to 4 months old. The findings provide evidence that striatal acetylcholinesterase activity in the human fetus and neonate is concentrated in a network of densely stained zones that appear in cross section as variably shaped 0.5- to 1.0-mm-wide dark patches distributed in a lighter background matrix. An orderly arrangement of the patches seemed well established in the putamen by the 16th-18th week of gestation (crown-rump length 14-15 cm) but in the caudate nucleus the pattern was still not fully elaborated at these ages. The lateroventral part of the caput was mainly dark and its rostromedial margin, though rich early on in pseudocholinesterase activity, was still without strong acetylcholinesterase activity as late as 20-21 weeks (crown-rump length 16-20 cm). The ganglionic eminence at these ages was sharply divided into a dorsal part with little cholinesterase activity and a ventral part with a high content of pseudocholinesterase. Little information was gained about striatal development during late stages of gestation, but in three 5- to 7-month fetal specimens not only dark patches but also patches with dark perimeters and pale centers were present. Clumping of cholinesterase activity appeared at birth and up to the third month of postnatal life. The patches in both caudate nucleus and putamen were dark and of fairly uniform tint in the striatum of the young infant and the matrix staining was darker than in the fetuses. Around the fourth postnatal month hints of the mature pattern were present, with zones of low cholinesterase activity appearing against a dark background in the caudate nucleus and (in one case) a nearly homogeneous staining pattern appearing in the putamen.
利用组织化学方法，对估计妊娠龄为16 - 29周（体重180 - 1000克）的胎儿脑以及出生2天至4个月婴儿脑的尸检材料进行研究，以探讨发育中的人类纹状体中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性（乙酰胆碱乙酰水解酶，EC 3.1.1.7）的分布情况。研究结果表明，人类胎儿和新生儿纹状体中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性集中在一个密集染色区网络中，在横切面上，这些区域表现为0.5至1.0毫米宽、形状各异的深色斑块，分布在较浅的背景基质中。在妊娠第16 - 18周（头臀长14 - 15厘米）时，壳核中的斑块排列似乎已形成有序结构，但在这些年龄段，尾状核中的模式仍未完全形成。尾状核头部的后腹侧部分主要为深色，其嘴内侧边缘尽管早期假胆碱酯酶活性丰富，但直到20 - 21周（头臀长16 - 20厘米）时仍无强烈的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。这些年龄段的神经节隆起明显分为胆碱酯酶活性较低的背侧部分和假胆碱酯酶含量较高的腹侧部分。关于妊娠后期纹状体发育的信息较少，但在三个5至7个月胎儿的标本中，不仅有深色斑块，还有周边深色、中心浅色的斑块。胆碱酯酶活性的聚集在出生时以及出生后至第三个月出现。在幼儿的纹状体中，尾状核和壳核中的斑块均为深色且色泽相当均匀，基质染色比胎儿的更深。在出生后第四个月左右，出现了成熟模式的迹象，尾状核中在深色背景下出现了胆碱酯酶活性较低的区域，（在一个病例中）壳核中出现了几乎均匀的染色模式。
