Morgan T, Myers J
Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1981;647:117-23. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1981.tb02647.x.
This paper reviews and presents data from a series of studies evaluating the extent of potassium depletion that occurs in various disease states and a comparison of the efficacy of potassium supplementation or potassium sparing diuretics in its correction. Changes in serum potassium levels are common after diuretics but are relatively minor in most people if small doses of diuretics are used. Total body potassium deficit is uncommon in people treated with a diuretic for hypertension and the fall in serum potassium results from alkalosis and a shift of potassium into the cell. Potassium sparing diuretics correct the potassium abnormality more readily than potassium supplements. Evidence is also presented that suggests that a high salt, low potassium diet may be an important cause of hypokalemia in people given diuretics.
本文回顾并展示了一系列研究的数据，这些研究评估了各种疾病状态下发生的钾缺乏程度，并比较了补钾或保钾利尿剂在纠正钾缺乏方面的疗效。使用利尿剂后血清钾水平的变化很常见，但如果使用小剂量利尿剂，大多数人的变化相对较小。在接受利尿剂治疗高血压的人群中，全身钾缺乏并不常见，血清钾下降是由碱中毒和钾向细胞内转移引起的。保钾利尿剂比补钾更能迅速纠正钾异常。文中还提供了证据表明，高盐低钾饮食可能是服用利尿剂人群低钾血症的一个重要原因。
