Engel G, Spolter B M
Am J Orthod. 1981 Jul;80(1):48-60. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(81)90195-0.
Cephalometric and visual craniofacial norms based on a native Japanese population of seventy-two subjects between the ages of 6 and 18 years were complied. These norms were obtained from measurements taken from lateral and frontal cephalograms. Norms for fifty cephalometric measurements were found for males and females at each age between 6 and 18 years. Normal composite tracings at there ages 8, 12, and 16 years are also shown. These tracings can be used to calculate the norms of any common cephalometric analysis.
基于72名年龄在6至18岁之间的日本本土受试者，制定了头影测量和视觉颅面标准。这些标准是通过对侧位和正位头影测量片进行测量而获得的。在6至18岁的每个年龄段，分别得出了男性和女性50项头影测量的标准。还展示了8岁、12岁和16岁这三个年龄的正常综合描图。这些描图可用于计算任何常见头影测量分析的标准。
