Olkinuora M
Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1982;92:47-57.
Organic brain syndromes constitute increasing public health, social and economic problems. In the diagnosis of organic brain syndrome no single symptom is pathognomonic. The core features of organic brain syndrome are disturbances in cognitive functions (memory, thinking, perception, and attention). The expression of emotions is altered, and alertness and vigilance are disturbed. The clinical picture is confused by compensatory, protective, and reactive symptoms. The most important psychopathogenetic mechanisms of organic brain syndrome are impaired cerebral function and the subjective meaning of the illness to the individual. According to American Psychiatric Association's classification (DSM-III), organic brain syndromes can be divided into seven purely descriptive clusters; subdivisions into psychotic and nonpsychotic syndromes and into acute and chronic brain syndromes have been omitted. The organic brain syndromes are delirium, dementia, amnestic syndrome, organic delusional syndrome, organic hallucinosis, organic affective syndrome and organic personality syndrome. The differential diagnostic aspects are discussed. Organic brain syndromes caused by industrial chemicals are nonspecific and multifactorial. When long term exposure to organic solvents occurs, the clinical picture is often characterized by tiredness and astheno-emotional or neurasthenic syndrome resembling neurotic states, depressive states, or presenile dementia.
器质性脑综合征构成了日益严重的公共卫生、社会和经济问题。在器质性脑综合征的诊断中，没有单一症状具有诊断特异性。器质性脑综合征的核心特征是认知功能（记忆、思维、感知和注意力）障碍。情绪表达发生改变，警觉性和警醒性受到干扰。临床表现因代偿性、保护性和反应性症状而变得复杂。器质性脑综合征最重要的精神致病机制是脑功能受损以及疾病对个体的主观意义。根据美国精神病学协会的分类（《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版），器质性脑综合征可分为七个纯描述性类别；不再细分精神性和非精神性综合征以及急性和慢性脑综合征。器质性脑综合征包括谵妄、痴呆、遗忘综合征、器质性妄想综合征、器质性幻觉症、器质性情感综合征和器质性人格综合征，并对鉴别诊断方面进行了讨论。由工业化学品引起的器质性脑综合征是非特异性且多因素的。长期接触有机溶剂时，临床表现通常以疲劳以及类似神经症状态、抑郁状态或早老性痴呆症的衰弱性情绪或神经衰弱综合征为特征。
