Poduslo J F
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1978;100:189-205. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2514-7_14.
Basic information concerning the molecular organization of the myelin membrane is an intrinsic requirement for understanding the neurochemical events leading to myelination, as well as the potential mechanism of demyelination that might exist at the molecular level for a variety of neurological diseases. The application of chemical, enzymatic, fluorescent, and immunological membrane probes has contributed significantly to this end, although the diverse structural complexity of the myelin sheath has permitted only a rudimentary understanding of its molecular organization. Nevertheless, compelling evidence is accumulating which suggests that components of myelin are asymmetrically distributed in the membrane. Such membrane asymmetry should not only provide important clues to the mechanisms of membrane assembly in the process of myelination, but should also serve as a paradigm for potential functional asymmetry of the individual components at the molecular level. One particularly useful membrane probe is galactose oxidase which has the capacity for identifying surface galactose residues in both glycoproteins and glycolipids on the external surface of the myelin sheath. The identification of these surface components on the myelin sheath is of primary importance since such components might be more readily susceptible to immunological damage or act as a viral receptor which ultimately might lead to demyelination.
关于髓鞘膜分子组织的基本信息是理解导致髓鞘形成的神经化学事件以及各种神经系统疾病在分子水平上可能存在的脱髓鞘潜在机制的内在要求。化学、酶、荧光和免疫膜探针的应用在这方面做出了重大贡献，尽管髓鞘鞘的结构复杂性多样，目前仅对其分子组织有初步了解。然而，越来越多的有力证据表明，髓鞘成分在膜中呈不对称分布。这种膜不对称不仅应为髓鞘形成过程中的膜组装机制提供重要线索，还应作为分子水平上各个成分潜在功能不对称的范例。一种特别有用的膜探针是半乳糖氧化酶，它能够识别髓鞘鞘外表面糖蛋白和糖脂中的表面半乳糖残基。识别髓鞘鞘上的这些表面成分至关重要，因为这些成分可能更容易受到免疫损伤或充当病毒受体，最终可能导致脱髓鞘。
