Granoff D M, Basden M
J Infect Dis. 1980 Jan;141(1):40-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/141.1.40.
A prospective, population-based study of the incidence of infections with Haemophilus influenzae in Fresno County, California, was conducted. The average annual incidence or meningitis was 5.18 cases per 100,000 population, and of other invasive infections, 3.48 cases per 100,000. Incidence rates were highest in infants, but 13% of infections and five of seven deaths were in adults, primarily in elderly individuals with compromised defenses. Black children four years of age and younger were more susceptible to meningitis due to H. influenzae than were white children (P less than 0.001). In contrast, the increased incidence of haemophilus disease in Hispanic children was primarily a result of invasive infections other than meningitis (P less than 0.03). The secondary attack rate in household contacts less than two years of age was one in 24 during the first 30 days, one in 23 between 31 and 60 days, and 0.25 in 22 per month between three and six months. Age and racial factors may affect susceptibility to different forms of invasive disease due to H. influenzae, and young contacts of a patient are at increased risk of developing illness.
在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺县开展了一项基于人群的流感嗜血杆菌感染发病率的前瞻性研究。脑膜炎的年均发病率为每10万人5.18例，其他侵袭性感染的年均发病率为每10万人3.48例。发病率在婴儿中最高，但13%的感染病例以及7例死亡病例中的5例发生在成年人中，主要是防御功能受损的老年人。4岁及以下的黑人儿童比白人儿童更易患流感嗜血杆菌引起的脑膜炎（P<0.001）。相比之下，西班牙裔儿童流感嗜血杆菌病发病率的增加主要是由脑膜炎以外的侵袭性感染导致的（P<0.03）。2岁以下家庭接触者在前30天内的继发感染率为1/24，31至60天内为1/23，3至6个月内每月为0.25/22。年龄和种族因素可能会影响对流感嗜血杆菌所致不同形式侵袭性疾病的易感性，患者的年轻接触者患病风险增加。
