Block C S, Arntzen L, Gardner L
S Afr Med J. 1980 Sep 6;58(10):395-8.
Surveys carried out using a chromogenic cephalosporin test for beta-lactamase production (ampicillin resistance) among isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in Johannesburg have indicated an appreciable prevalence, especially among children seen at the new Johannesburg Hospital. Of type b strains recovered from these children, 10,9% were ampicillin-resistant. Three of the last 10 cases of serious systemic H. influenzae infections encountered at the Johannesburg Hospital were caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains, all of these having been acquired in the community rather than in hospital. These findings suggest that the optimal initial starting treatment for serious systemic or life-threatening H. influenzae infections should include chloramphenicol, either alone or at least in conbination with ampicillin or a similar compound.
在约翰内斯堡，使用显色头孢菌素试验检测流感嗜血杆菌分离株中β-内酰胺酶产生情况（氨苄西林耐药性）的调查表明，其流行率相当可观，尤其是在约翰内斯堡新医院就诊的儿童中。从这些儿童中分离出的b型菌株，10.9%对氨苄西林耐药。在约翰内斯堡医院遇到的最后10例严重全身性流感嗜血杆菌感染病例中，有3例是由产β-内酰胺酶的菌株引起的，所有这些菌株都是在社区而非医院获得的。这些发现表明，对于严重全身性或危及生命的流感嗜血杆菌感染，最佳的初始治疗应包括氯霉素，可单独使用，或至少与氨苄西林或类似化合物联合使用。
