b型流感嗜血杆菌在幼鼠中的窝内传播及利福平对鼻咽部定植的清除作用

Intralitter transmission of haemophilus influenzae type b in infant rats and rifampin eradication of nasopharyngeal colonization.

作者信息

Halsey N A, Korock C, Johansen T L, Glode M P

出版信息

J Infect Dis. 1980 Nov;142(5):739-43. doi: 10.1093/infdis/142.5.739.

DOI:10.1093/infdis/142.5.739

Abstract

The dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization, bacteremia, and transmission of infection due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in infant rats were studied. Intranasal inoculation resulted in nasal colonization in 99% and bacteremia in 88% of infant rats. H. influenzae type b was transmitted to 93% of exposed, uninoculated littermates. Pretreatment with burro antibody to H. influenzae type b prevented bacteremia but not nasal colonization. Rifampin, in a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily for two days, was 97% and 100% effective in eradicating two strains of H. influenzae type b from the nasopharynx. Efficacies of 10 mg/kg twice daily and 5 mg/kg twice daily for two days were 86% and 6%, respectively. No rifampin-resistant isolates were encountered in animals still colonized after rifampin therapy. This model for haemophilus colonization and intralitter transmission could be used to evaluate other chemoprophylactic agents and may provide additional insight into the epidemiology and immunology of haemophilus infections.

摘要

研究了b型流感嗜血杆菌在幼鼠中鼻咽部定植、菌血症及感染传播的动态过程。经鼻接种后，99%的幼鼠出现鼻咽部定植，88%的幼鼠出现菌血症。b型流感嗜血杆菌传播至93%的暴露、未接种的同窝幼鼠。用抗b型流感嗜血杆菌的驴抗体进行预处理可预防菌血症，但不能预防鼻咽部定植。利福平剂量为20mg/kg，每日两次，连用两天，对从鼻咽部清除两株b型流感嗜血杆菌的有效率分别为97%和100%。剂量为10mg/kg每日两次和5mg/kg每日两次，连用两天的有效率分别为86%和6%。在利福平治疗后仍有定植的动物中未发现耐利福平菌株。这种流感嗜血杆菌定植及同窝内传播模型可用于评估其他化学预防药物，并可能为流感嗜血杆菌感染的流行病学和免疫学提供更多见解。