Colón I, Cutter H S, Jones W C
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1981;8(3):347-62. doi: 10.3109/00952998109009558.
This study evaluates the implications of two alcoholism prevention models. The single distribution (log-normal) model posits that the average level of consumption in a society is sufficient to account for the rate of alcoholism; the sociocultural model suggests that variables other than consumption account for alcoholism. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to assess interstate differences in average alcohol consumption and alcoholism rates. Consumption, controlling for alcoholism rate, was found not wholly to be an economic phenomenon but rather was predicted by urban conditions (a factor measuring unintegrated foreign-born and minority groups and external social control) and two alcohol availability factors. Alcoholism rate was predicted by urban conditions and a social isolation factor, isolated females. Consumption was not a significant predictor of alcoholism in this multivariable analysis. It was concluded that it is an oversimplification to view alcoholism merely as an extension of heavy drinking. Availability is not a unitary dimension and appears, furthermore, to have little potential utility in controlling consumption of alcoholism. Neither of the two availability factors was related to alcoholism; bootlegging appears to be a compensatory mechanism for offsetting low legal availability. The results imply that alcohol control policies and alcoholism prevention need to be directed toward alleviating anomie and social isolation. A variety of efforts toward these ends are suggested: senior citizens programs, minority employment programs, English enhancement training for the foreign-born, etc.
本研究评估了两种酒精中毒预防模式的影响。单一分布（对数正态）模型假定，社会中的平均消费水平足以解释酒精中毒率；社会文化模型则表明，除消费外的其他变量可解释酒精中毒现象。使用因子分析和多元回归来评估州际间平均酒精消费量和酒精中毒率的差异。在控制酒精中毒率的情况下，发现消费并非完全是一种经济现象，而是由城市状况（一个衡量未融入的外国出生和少数群体以及外部社会控制的因素）和两个酒精可获得性因素所预测。酒精中毒率由城市状况和一个社会隔离因素（孤立的女性）所预测。在这项多变量分析中，消费并非酒精中毒的显著预测因素。研究得出结论，仅仅将酒精中毒视为重度饮酒的延伸是一种过度简化的观点。可获得性并非一个单一维度，而且在控制酒精中毒消费方面似乎几乎没有潜在效用。两个可获得性因素均与酒精中毒无关；非法售酒似乎是一种补偿机制，用于抵消合法可获得性较低的情况。结果表明，酒精控制政策和酒精中毒预防需要针对缓解社会失范和社会隔离。为此提出了各种努力建议：老年人项目、少数群体就业项目、为外国出生者提供英语强化培训等。
