Undeutsch K, Küpper R, Löwenthal I, Gärtner K H, Luopajärvi T, Rauterberg K, Karvonen M J, Rutenfranz J
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;50(1):59-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00432494.
In an epidemiologic cross-sectional study, 366 transport workers (age-range: 19-61 years) of a big German airport who are engaged in physical heavy work in unfavorable body positions in narrow freight spaces of airplanes, were investigated with regard to their subjective musculoskeletal complaints through a standardized anamnesis in an interview questionnaire. An additional clinical orthopedic examination was performed in 104 of the transport workers. Back pains were the most frequently reported complaints: at the time of examination 66% of the transport workers reported present back complaints. 57% had experienced previous back syndromes. Increasing age and stature were associated with a higher prevalence of these complaints. Years of exposure to transport work correlated positively with the prevalence of back complaints. After back complaints, knee complaints followed in the prevalence of locomotor complaints (41% of the interviewed workers). The prevalence increased with age and body weight significantly. Neck complaints were reported by 33% of the workers, arm complaints by 41%: again, age increased the prevalence of these complaints significantly. In the standardized clinical orthopedic examination, the prevalence of the functional findings were sometimes higher than in the interview. In contrast to the subjective complaints at the interview, individual factors (age, stature, weight, and work experience in the present occupation) had very little influence on the prevalence of objective findings. The clinical, epidemiologic screening methods employed have proved efficacious in detecting orthopedic disorders in an occupational collective. This study has shown that transport workers with wide discrepancies between body length and the space available in airplane cargo bellies, considerable overweight, or a history of former back syndromes should not be employed. Means to alter cargo belly dimensions in airplanes as well as the increased use of mechanical loading aids and additional training of the workers in proper lifting and carrying of cargo should be taken in to consideration.
在一项流行病学横断面研究中，对德国一个大型机场的366名运输工人（年龄范围：19 - 61岁）进行了调查，这些工人在飞机狭窄的货运空间中从事繁重的体力劳动，且身体姿势不利。通过访谈问卷中的标准化问诊，对他们的主观肌肉骨骼不适情况进行了调查。另外，对104名运输工人进行了临床骨科检查。背痛是最常报告的不适症状：在检查时，66%的运输工人报告有当前背痛症状。57%的人曾经历过背部综合征。年龄和身高的增加与这些不适症状的较高患病率相关。运输工作的暴露年限与背痛患病率呈正相关。背痛之后，膝关节不适在运动系统不适症状的患病率中位居其次（41%的受访工人）。患病率随年龄和体重显著增加。33%的工人报告有颈部不适，41%的工人报告有手臂不适：同样，年龄显著增加了这些不适症状的患病率。在标准化临床骨科检查中，功能检查结果的患病率有时高于访谈中的结果。与访谈中的主观不适症状相反，个体因素（年龄、身高、体重和当前职业的工作经验）对客观检查结果的患病率影响很小。所采用的临床、流行病学筛查方法已证明在检测职业群体中的骨科疾病方面是有效的。这项研究表明，不应雇佣那些身高与飞机货舱可用空间差异较大、超重严重或有背部综合征病史的运输工人。应考虑改变飞机货舱尺寸的方法，以及增加机械装载辅助工具的使用，并对工人进行适当的货物搬运和携带方面的额外培训。
