Shepherd A, Tribe E, Torrens M J
Int Rehabil Med. 1982;4(1):15-9. doi: 10.3109/03790798209166813.
Surgery for incontinence should be reserved for specific indications where its value as a primary treatment has been proven. Otherwise surgery should not be employed until a wide range of conservative treatments have been tried and have failed. The conservative methods of management outlined below include "bladder training' using frequency/volume charts to monitor, and alter, the pattern of micturition and number of episodes of incontinence, re-education of the pelvic floor muscles, intermittent self-catheterization, hormone replacement therapy, regulation of fluid intake and bowel habit, discriminate use of diuretics and hypnotics and adjustments to domestic conditions.
尿失禁手术应仅用于已证明其作为主要治疗方法具有价值的特定适应症。否则，在尝试了广泛的保守治疗且均失败之前，不应进行手术。以下概述的保守治疗方法包括使用频率/容量图表进行“膀胱训练”，以监测和改变排尿模式及尿失禁发作次数，盆底肌肉再教育，间歇性自我导尿，激素替代疗法，调节液体摄入量和排便习惯，谨慎使用利尿剂和催眠药以及调整家庭环境。
