Humphrey J A, Kupferer H J
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1982 Summer;28(2):121-8. doi: 10.1177/002076408202800210.
The Cherokee and Lumbee, the two major Indian populations in North Carolina, have exhibited similarities in patterns of homicide and suicide. Both Indian populations have higher rates of homicidal than of suicidal death. Yet in 1972-73, the Lumbee homicide rates was considerably higher than that for the Cherokee, but the Cherokee's suicide rate exceeded that for the Lumbee. During 1974-1976, the Cherokee manifested excessively high rates of violent death, with suicide increasing faster than homicide. The Lumbee homicide rate declined during this period, while the suicide rate increased. Lumbee violence patterns indicate a slight dissipation of cultural traits that predispose them to aggressive behaviour and the concomitant emergence of a trend toward self-destructive behaviour. The rise in Cherokee suicide rate may be consistent with the harmony Ethic of some tribe members, but the sharp increase in homicide may reflect the erosion of the traditional non-violent ethic among the band as a whole.
北卡罗来纳州的两个主要印第安人群体——切罗基族和拉姆比族，在杀人及自杀模式上表现出相似之处。这两个印第安人群体的杀人死亡率都高于自杀死亡率。然而在1972年至1973年期间，拉姆比族的杀人率远高于切罗基族，但切罗基族的自杀率超过了拉姆比族。在1974年至1976年期间，切罗基族出现了极高的暴力死亡率，自杀率的增长速度超过了杀人率。在此期间，拉姆比族的杀人率下降，而自杀率上升。拉姆比族的暴力模式表明，那些使他们倾向于攻击性行为的文化特征略有消散，同时出现了一种自我毁灭行为的趋势。切罗基族自杀率的上升可能与一些部落成员的和谐伦理观相符，但杀人率的急剧上升可能反映出整个部落中传统非暴力伦理观的侵蚀。
