Twedt D C, Grauer G F
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1982 Aug;12(3):463-85. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(82)50056-3.
Patients with gastrointestinal, hepatic, or pancreatic disease frequently require parenteral fluid therapy. The selection of the type and amount of fluid for administration should be based on a knowledge of physiologic derangements and the controlling mechanisms. Table 4 provides suggested replacement fluids and supplements for each disease. It must be remembered, however, that individual "tailoring" is required for each case. In addition to an expert knowledge of pathophysiology, monitoring of the patient's weight, fluid losses, serum electrolyte, and acid-base status is necessary for successful fluid therapy. In veterinary medicine the most common cause of inadequate fluid therapy is a deviation in the amount of fluid that the patient receives from the intended amount that may have been ever so carefully calculated.
患有胃肠道、肝脏或胰腺疾病的患者经常需要胃肠外液体疗法。液体给药的类型和量的选择应基于对生理紊乱及控制机制的了解。表4给出了每种疾病建议使用的补充液体和补充剂。然而，必须记住，每个病例都需要进行个体化“调整”。除了具备病理生理学方面的专业知识外，为了成功进行液体疗法，监测患者的体重、液体丢失情况、血清电解质及酸碱状态也是必要的。在兽医学中，液体疗法不充分最常见的原因是患者实际接受的液体量与可能经过精心计算的预期量存在偏差。
