Davis Harold, Jensen Tracey, Johnson Anthony, Knowles Pamela, Meyer Robert, Rucinsky Renee, Shafford Heidi
University of California Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, CA, USA.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2013 May-Jun;49(3):149-59. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5868.
Fluid therapy is important for many medical conditions in veterinary patients. The assessment of patient history, chief complaint, physical exam findings, and indicated additional testing will determine the need for fluid therapy. Fluid selection is dictated by the patient's needs, including volume, rate, fluid composition required, and location the fluid is needed (e.g., interstitial versus intravascular). Therapy must be individualized, tailored to each patient, and constantly re-evaluated and reformulated according to changes in status. Needs may vary according to the existence of either acute or chronic conditions, patient pathology (e.g., acid-base, oncotic, electrolyte abnormalities), and comorbid conditions. All patients should be assessed for three types of fluid disturbances: changes in volume, changes in content, and/or changes in distribution. The goals of these guidelines are to assist the clinician in prioritizing goals, selecting appropriate fluids and rates of administration, and assessing patient response to therapy. These guidelines provide recommendations for fluid administration for anesthetized patients and patients with fluid disturbances.
液体疗法对兽医患者的许多病症都很重要。对患者病史、主要诉求、体格检查结果以及所需的其他检查进行评估，将确定是否需要进行液体疗法。液体的选择取决于患者的需求，包括容量、速率、所需的液体成分以及需要补液的部位（例如，间质液与血管内液）。治疗必须个体化，针对每个患者量身定制，并根据病情变化不断重新评估和调整。需求可能因急性或慢性病症的存在、患者病理情况（例如酸碱、胶体渗透压、电解质异常）以及合并病症而有所不同。所有患者都应评估三种类型的液体紊乱：容量变化、成分变化和/或分布变化。这些指南的目标是协助临床医生确定目标的优先级、选择合适的液体和给药速率，并评估患者对治疗的反应。这些指南为麻醉患者和有液体紊乱的患者提供了液体给药的建议。
