Brown E R
Int J Health Serv. 1980;10(1):71-88. doi: 10.2190/PL3K-6MY6-AAHM-586P.
The development of modern medical education was shaped by the medical profession's own reform strategies and by material and ideological support from the corporate class. This article examines how the Rockefeller medical philanthropies, the largest single source of funds for medical education reform from 1910 through the 1930s, forced the adoption of a specific reform--full-time clinical faculty--to make medicine serve the needs of capitalist society rather than the interests of the medical profession. Memorandums and letters from archival files demonstrate that foundation leaders believed the full-time plan would separate medical schools from the grip of practitioner-dominated medical societies, bringing all medical faculty under the control of foundations and university boards of trustees. This policy was to be a first step in rationalizing medical care and distributing the technical benefits and social-control functions of medicine to all segments of the population. The author traces the development of the full-time plan, its adoption as foundation policy, and the struggle over its implementation.
现代医学教育的发展受到医学专业自身改革策略以及企业阶层的物质和思想支持的影响。本文探讨了洛克菲勒医学慈善机构如何在1910年至20世纪30年代成为医学教育改革最大的单一资金来源，迫使采用一项特定改革——全职临床教员制，以使医学服务于资本主义社会的需求而非医学专业的利益。档案文件中的备忘录和信件表明，基金会领导人认为全职计划将使医学院摆脱由从业者主导的医学协会的控制，将所有医学教员置于基金会和大学董事会的控制之下。这一政策将是使医疗护理合理化并将医学的技术益处和社会控制功能分配给所有人群的第一步。作者追溯了全职计划的发展、其作为基金会政策的采纳以及围绕其实施的斗争。
