Sato S, Makino R, Takahashi Y, Sugimura T, Miyazaki T
Mutat Res. 1980 Jan;77(1):31-6. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(80)90117-2.
Smoke condensates obtained from 8 Japanese brands of joss sticks were assayed for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with and without metabolic activation by S9 mix. An average of 22 mg of smoke condensate was obtained per joss stick weighing about 0.3 g. Smoke condensates obtained from all the joss sticks tested showed definite mutagenicity with a linear dose response on both tester strains of bacteria with metabolic activation. Without S9 mix, the smoke condensates from some of the joss sticks also showed positive mutagenicity on TA100 at 0.15 or 0.3 mg/plate. The revertant numbers over the background counts induced by 1-mg samples of the smoke condensates from joss sticks with S9 mix were 140--310 with TA100 and 90--200 with TA98. These values were one-fifth to half that of cigarette smoke condensate with TA100 and one-fourteenth to one-fifth that with TA98. However, it was calculated that, when joss sticks are burnt continuously in a closed space under the usual conditions, the mutagenicity of their smoke per unit volume of air is similar to that of the smoke produced by the smoking of two cigarettes per hour. Extracts of unburnt joss sticks with methanol, chloroform or dimethylsulfoxide had no mutagenicity, showing that the burning process produces the mutagenic substance(s).
对8个日本品牌香烛产生的烟雾冷凝物进行了检测，以研究其在有或无S9混合液代谢激活的情况下，对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA100和TA98的致突变性。每根重约0.3克的香烛平均产生22毫克烟雾冷凝物。所有测试香烛产生的烟雾冷凝物在有代谢激活的情况下，对两种测试菌株均显示出明确的致突变性，且呈线性剂量反应。在没有S9混合液的情况下，部分香烛的烟雾冷凝物在0.15或0.3毫克/平皿的剂量下，对TA100也显示出阳性致突变性。在有S9混合液的情况下，1毫克香烛烟雾冷凝物样品诱导的回复突变数在TA100菌株中为140 - 310，在TA98菌株中为90 - 200。这些数值分别是香烟烟雾冷凝物在TA100菌株中的五分之一到二分之一，以及在TA98菌株中的十四分之一到五分之一。然而，经计算，在通常条件下，当香烛在封闭空间中持续燃烧时，其每单位体积空气中烟雾的致突变性与每小时吸两支香烟产生的烟雾的致突变性相似。用甲醇、氯仿或二甲基亚砜提取的未燃烧香烛没有致突变性，这表明燃烧过程会产生致突变物质。
