Cupular movement and nerve impulse response in the isolated semicircular canal.

The aim of the study was to record nerve impulse responses to controlled displacements of the cupula and relate these to observations of cupular motion. The preparation was the skate semicircular canal, isolated and maintained in a chamber. The canal was cut and tied tightly to an oil-filled tube driven by a 1 microliter syringe. In some experiments dye was used to make the face of the cupula visible. Small volume displacements (0.02 microliter) caused a billowing of the central portion of the cupula, whereas for repeated large displacements (0.1 microliter) the top of the cupula moved along the roof of the ampulla. Displacements of the latter amount were close to saturation in the characteristic functions (spike rate versus volume displacement) of nerve firing. It seems that the discharge rate of tonically responding units in the skate crista ampullaris rather faithfully record the force acting on the cupula. The motion of the base of the cupula rather than its tip appears to be the relevant parameter in setting the level of excitation in the sensory cells within the physiological range of stimulation. Such a mode of operation would ensure the highest sensitivity of the sense organ.