Güse H G, Schmacke N
Int J Health Serv. 1980;10(2):177-96.
This paper examines the social environment in which the psychiatric profession evolved in Germany in the period between the bourgeois revolution and the onset of Nazism, and delineates the stages of psychiatric theory which paved the way for the murderous alliance between the profession and the fascist state. To bolster its professional status, psychiatry pretended to adopt the methods of the physical sciences. This led to an exclusive concern with genetically determined etiological factors and a rejection of the potential for therapy. Psychiatric theory thus became an instrument used to legitimate the authoritarian state's drive to isolate those who treatened to disrupt society or were economically unproductive. This development ultimately strengthened the racial hygiene ideology of the Third Reich and facilitated the extermination of 100,000 mental patients.
本文考察了从资产阶级革命到纳粹主义兴起期间德国精神病学专业得以发展的社会环境，并勾勒出为该专业与法西斯国家之间的致命联盟铺平道路的精神病学理论发展阶段。为了提升其专业地位，精神病学佯装采用自然科学的方法。这导致了对基因决定的病因因素的排他性关注以及对治疗可能性的摒弃。因此，精神病学理论成为了一种工具，被用来使独裁国家隔离那些被视为可能扰乱社会或在经济上没有生产力的人的行为合法化。这一发展最终强化了第三帝国的种族卫生意识形态，并促成了对10万名精神病人的灭绝。
