Ipp E, Schusdziarra V, Harris V, Unger R H
Endocrinology. 1980 Aug;107(2):461-3. doi: 10.1210/endo-107-2-461.
An iv bolus injection of 0.5 mg/kg morphine, about twice the therapeutic dose, caused plasma glucose to rise more than 120 mg/dl in alloxan-diabetic conscious dogs but had little effect on conscious normal dogs. Plasma glucagon rose in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups by 30 +/- 10 and 100 +/- 29 pg/ml, respectively, but insulin levels increased significantly only in the nondiabetics. The hyperglycemic action on morphine may, at least in part, be the result of an increase in glucagon secretion without a sufficient accompanying release of insulin.
静脉推注0.5毫克/千克吗啡（约为治疗剂量的两倍），可使四氧嘧啶糖尿病清醒犬的血糖水平升高超过120毫克/分升，但对清醒的正常犬影响不大。糖尿病组和非糖尿病组的血浆胰高血糖素分别升高了30±10和100±29皮克/毫升，但仅非糖尿病组的胰岛素水平显著升高。吗啡的高血糖作用至少部分可能是由于胰高血糖素分泌增加而胰岛素没有相应充分释放所致。
