Prolonged effect of insulin on glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle.

The fate of insulin, as it relates to its action on skeletal-muscle glucose uptake, was studied in non-cyclically perfused rat hindlimbs. Insulin (1m-i.u./ml) with and without (125)I-labelled insulin was infused intra-arterially for 5 or 6min. Net glucose uptake and the release of (125)I-labelled insulin into the venous effluent were evaluated by arteriovenous-difference measurements for an additional 24-32min. The infusion of insulin for 5min promoted glucose uptake, an effect that persisted throughout a subsequent 25min of perfusion in the absence of insulin. The addition of insulin antibody to the perfusate in the presence of insulin blocked the action of insulin on glucose uptake, but it failed to alter insulin action if the muscle tissue had been exposed to insulin before addition of antibody. When (125)I-labelled albumin was infused for 6min, venous effluent radioactivity decayed rapidly and remained HClO(4)-insoluble and there was no significant tissue retension of radioactivity. Comparable experiments in which (125)I-labelled insulin was infused for 6min revealed that the venous effluent radioactivity decayed more slowly, a significant amount of the (125)I-labelled insulin appeared as fragments (HClO(4)-soluble) and there was a significant retention of radioactivity in the tissue. Radioactivity in muscle tissue biopsies obtained 28min after infusion of (125)I-labelled insulin was associated largely with intact insulin and a peptide of mol.wt. 2400. The total radioactivity retained in the muscle at this time was 7% of the amount infused. An insulin bolus (1i.u.) failed to increase the discharge of this tissue-associated radioactivity. These results suggest that insulin and a product of insulin metabolism persists in muscle tissue long after the arterial presence of insulin ends. This tissue residence and processing of insulin may be important components of insulin's prolonged action on glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.