Norris M, Harden J R, Bell D M
J Speech Hear Disord. 1980 Aug;45(3):378-89. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4503.378.
This study reported differences in agreement among four experienced listeners who analyzed the articulation skills of 97 four- and five-year-old children. Mean agreement percentages based on the identification of only misarticulated sounds were contrasted with mean percentages of agreement for decisions made on both correct and incorrect articulations of each sound for the entire population. In addition, the weighted average of the modal category of agreement for the specification of error type for misarticulated responses was determined for each sound tested over all subjects. Differences in agreement for evaluations of all responses, for error responses only, and for specification of error types were calculated and reported by place and manner of articulation, voicing characteristics, and syllabic function. Place and manner of articulation revealed differences of agreement, whereas voicing and syllabic function contributed little to agreement or disagreement.
本研究报告了四位经验丰富的听众在分析97名4岁和5岁儿童的发音技巧时，达成一致意见方面存在的差异。仅基于对错误发音的识别得出的平均一致率，与针对全体人群中每个音素的正确和错误发音所做判断的平均一致率进行了对比。此外，针对所有受试者测试的每个音素，确定了错误发音反应的错误类型指定中一致模态类别的加权平均值。通过发音部位和方式、发声特征以及音节功能，计算并报告了对所有反应、仅对错误反应以及对错误类型指定的评估中一致率的差异。发音部位和方式显示出一致率的差异，而发声和音节功能对一致或不一致的影响很小。
