Knox J M, Schwartz G S, Diller K R
J Biomech Eng. 1980 May;102(2):91-7. doi: 10.1115/1.3138221.
A thermodynamic model is presented to describe the combined freezing and thawing process for living cells. Continuous changes in the cell volume are predicted according to the thermal protocol imposed on the system. Experimental verification of the model is sought by monitoring continuously the volume of cells as frozen on a cryomicroscope. The volumes of individual cells are measured from sequential photomicrographs by a computerized image analysis technique. The model and experimental data are in quite close agreement for the freezing process, but upon thawing the experimentally measured volumes consistently increased much more rapidly than predicted by the model. The model can be made to conform to the data by accounting for a substantial influx of electrolyte to the cell at subfreezing temperatures.
提出了一个热力学模型来描述活细胞的冷冻和融化联合过程。根据施加于系统的热方案预测细胞体积的持续变化。通过在低温显微镜上连续监测冷冻时细胞的体积来寻求该模型的实验验证。通过计算机图像分析技术从连续的显微照片中测量单个细胞的体积。对于冷冻过程，模型与实验数据相当吻合，但在融化时，实验测量的体积持续增加的速度比模型预测的要快得多。通过考虑在亚冰点温度下大量电解质流入细胞，可以使模型与数据相符。
