[Experimental models of human immune haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)].

In the last ninety years there were many attempts to induce immune haemolytic anaemia (IHA) in laboratory animals. The techniques employed were injections of modified autologous or incompatible erythrocytes as well as hyperimmunization with material of high antigen activity (e.g. egg albumin). Serious temporary IHA could be induced occasionally. The main pathogenetic mechanism in this immune reaction was related to the antigen. Another model used was the so called graft-host-reaction in which IHA is based on antibody formation of transplanted immunocompetent cells towards the host erythrocytes. So far, the best animal model is the spontaneous autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in NZB-mice. However this model has not been completely evaluated. In these animals AIHA is mediated by a genetically prescribed immunoregulatory defect which may be located at the level of T-lymphocytes.