Koch K M, Baldamus C A, Ernst W, Fassbinder W, Georges J, Brecht H M
Klin Wochenschr. 1980 Oct 1;58(19):1037-42. doi: 10.1007/BF01476874.
Uremic autonomic neuropathy leads to impaired function of the baroreflex. The main defect, according to literature, is located in the afferent limb of the reflex arc and in the efferent cardiac vagus nerve, whereas the sympathetic part of the efferent arc is still intact. Own results, obtained in hemodialysis patients during orthostasis and volume removal induced sympathetic stimulation, showed qualitatively and quantitatively adequate sympathetic response and also an adequate end organ receptor response. Autonomic nervous neuropathy predisposes to volume removal related symptomatic hypotension during hemodialysis treatment. In addition hemodialysis treatment per se induces a so far unexplained interference with sympathetic response to volume removal. The autonomic neuropathy also predisposes to development of hypertension in response to volume load.
尿毒症自主神经病变会导致压力反射功能受损。根据文献,主要缺陷位于反射弧的传入支以及传出性心脏迷走神经,而传出弧的交感神经部分仍完好无损。我们在血液透析患者直立位及容量清除诱导交感神经刺激期间所获得的自身研究结果显示,交感神经反应在定性和定量方面均足够充分,并且终末器官受体反应也足够充分。自主神经病变易导致血液透析治疗期间与容量清除相关的症状性低血压。此外,血液透析治疗本身会对交感神经对容量清除的反应产生一种迄今尚无法解释的干扰。自主神经病变还易导致对容量负荷产生高血压反应。