Milstein S
Am J Otol. 1980 Jan;1(3):174-8.
Adam Politzer wrote this article on the history of mastoid surgery for inclusion in Volume II of his History of Otology, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1913. Politzer reviews the decades before antibiotics when the simple or complete mastoidectomy was performed in cases of acute mastoiditis in which abscess formation was suspected; such timely surgery after prevented extensive osseous destruction and also often-fatal meningitis and sinus thrombosis. So-called "radical" surgery began when surgeons realized that simple exposure of the antrum was inadequate to control chronic infection involving the middle ear, ossicles, and meatal walls. "Modified radical" surgery evolved from the attempt to preserve hearing, canal plasty from the attempt to prevent postoperative canal stricture. Politzer describes the surgery designed to close the tympanic ostium of the Eustachian tube and the application of skin grafts to the operative sites.
亚当·波利策撰写了这篇关于乳突手术史的文章，收录于他1913年在斯图加特恩克出版社出版的《耳科学史》第二卷。波利策回顾了抗生素出现之前的几十年，当时在怀疑有脓肿形成的急性乳突炎病例中进行单纯或完全乳突切除术；这种及时的手术可防止广泛的骨质破坏以及常常致命的脑膜炎和窦血栓形成。当外科医生意识到单纯暴露鼓窦不足以控制累及中耳、听小骨和耳道壁的慢性感染时，所谓的“根治性”手术开始了。“改良根治性”手术源于保留听力的尝试，外耳道成形术源于预防术后外耳道狭窄的尝试。波利策描述了旨在封闭咽鼓管鼓口的手术以及在手术部位应用皮肤移植的情况。
