Diamant H, Hultcrantz M
Nord Medicinhist Arsb. 1996:189-95.
The history of otitis media has much in common with the history of other infectious diseases. Over the years France, England and Germany respectively dominated the field and treatment of otitis media. During the French period (eighteenth and nineteenth century), Louis Petit for the first time performed an operation with opening of the mastoid cells. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, during the English period, many famous ear doctors spread their names over the world, namely J. Toynbee, J. Hinton and W. Wild of which the latter 1853, wrote the first text book in the field called "Practical observations on aural surgery and the nature and treatment of diseases of the ear." During the German period the surgical treatment (mastoidectomy) of otitis media and its sequele was fullfilled by A. von Tröltsch, H. Schwartze and A. Politzer who together started the first journal "Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde". Politzer also 1873, started the first ear clinic in Europe, in Vienna. It was almost a rule, that all ear surgeons in Europe during that time, had to visit the ear clinic in "Allgemaines Krankenhaus" in Vienna to gain a proper education. 1940 B. Chain, V. Fleming and H. Florey invented the penicillin and were rewarded with the Nobel prize, and from then on the treatment of otitis media changed dramatically.
中耳炎的历史与其他传染病的历史有许多共同之处。多年来，法国、英国和德国分别在中耳炎领域及其治疗方面占据主导地位。在法国时期（18世纪和19世纪），路易·佩蒂首次进行了打开乳突小房的手术。在19世纪的最后几十年，即英国时期，许多著名的耳科医生闻名于世，如J. 汤因比、J. 辛顿和W. 怀尔德，其中后者在1853年撰写了该领域的第一本教科书《耳科手术及耳部疾病的性质与治疗的实践观察》。在德国时期，中耳炎及其后遗症的外科治疗（乳突切除术）由A. 冯·特罗尔茨、H. 施瓦泽和A. 波利策完成，他们共同创办了第一本期刊《耳科学文献》。波利策还在1873年于维也纳开设了欧洲第一家耳科诊所。当时几乎有这样一条规定，即那个时期欧洲所有的耳科外科医生都必须到维也纳“综合医院”的耳科诊所接受正规教育。1940年，B. 钱恩、V. 弗莱明和H. 弗洛里发明了青霉素并获得诺贝尔奖，从那时起，中耳炎的治疗发生了巨大变化。
