Curran J W
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Dec 1;138(7 Pt 2):848-51. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(80)91069-8.
Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common serious complication of sexually transmitted infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Initial episodes of sexually transmitted acute PID occur most frequently in the 20 to 24 year age group, while sequelae such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic PID are most common among 25- to 34-year-old women. The apparent chronicity of the disease process suggests that the epidemic of sexually transmitted disease, which began in the mid-1960s, could be followed by an epidemic of PID and its sequelae. More than 850,000 episodes of PID occur annually, requiring more than 212,000 hospital admissions, 115,000 surgical procedures, and 2,500,000 physician visits. Ectopic pregnancies in the United States tripled from 1967 to 1977. Direct and indirect costs for PID and PID-associated ectopic pregnancy exceeded $1.25 billion in 1979. If PID and ectopic pregnancy rates continue unabated, by the year 2000 there will have been more than one episode of PID and three related physician visits for every two women who reached reproductive age in 1970. Fifteen percent will require hospitalization, more than 3% will experience an ectopic pregnancy, and more than 10% will involuntarily become sterile because of PID.
盆腔炎是由淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体引起的性传播感染最常见的严重并发症。性传播急性盆腔炎的初发病例最常发生在20至24岁年龄组，而诸如不孕、异位妊娠和慢性盆腔炎等后遗症在25至34岁女性中最为常见。疾病过程明显的慢性特征表明，始于20世纪60年代中期的性传播疾病流行之后，可能会出现盆腔炎及其后遗症的流行。每年发生超过85万例盆腔炎，需要超过21.2万次住院治疗、11.5万次外科手术以及250万次就诊。从1967年到1977年，美国的异位妊娠数量增加了两倍。1979年，盆腔炎及与盆腔炎相关的异位妊娠的直接和间接费用超过12.5亿美元。如果盆腔炎和异位妊娠率持续不减，到2000年，对于每两名在1970年达到生育年龄的女性来说，将会有超过一次盆腔炎发作以及三次相关就诊。15%的患者需要住院治疗，超过3%的患者会发生异位妊娠，超过10%的患者会因盆腔炎而不孕。
