Senanayake P, Kramer D G
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Dec 1;138(7 Pt 2):852-60. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(80)91070-4.
The dramatic increase in use of contraception worldwide makes it imperative to understand the effects of contraceptives on the health of women using them. In this article, we review the literature on the relationships of modern nonsurgical contraception with pelvic inflammatory disease. Subsequently, we identify areas where further research is needed to better define the risks and benefits of these contraceptive methods in various settings. From our review, two new conclusions emerge. First, our reanalysis of published data on the risk of PID associated with intrauterine device (IUD) use compared with no contraceptive use shows, with one exception, less risk than the previous comparisons to all non-IUD use. Second, and probably most importantly, the studies, when taken together, strongly imply that oral contraceptives have a protective effect against PID. Only one study of 11 is equivocal on this point.
全球范围内避孕措施使用的急剧增加，使得了解避孕药对使用它们的女性健康的影响变得势在必行。在本文中，我们回顾了有关现代非手术避孕方法与盆腔炎关系的文献。随后，我们确定了需要进一步研究的领域，以便更好地界定这些避孕方法在不同情况下的风险和益处。通过我们的综述，得出了两个新结论。首先，我们对已发表数据进行重新分析，将使用宫内节育器（IUD）与不使用任何避孕措施相比，患盆腔炎的风险进行比较，结果显示，除了一个例外，与之前将使用IUD与所有非IUD避孕方法进行比较的结果相比，风险更低。其次，可能也是最重要的一点，综合各项研究来看，强烈表明口服避孕药对盆腔炎有保护作用。在11项研究中，只有1项在这一点上存在不确定性。
