von Recum A F, Park J B
Crit Rev Bioeng. 1981;5(1):37-77.
A percutaneous device (PD) constitutes a foreign material penetrating through the skin. It provides a connection between an internal organ or cavity and an extracorporeal device. PDs serving a multitude of clinical and research purposes are described. Breakdown of the PD-skin interface relatively soon after implantation is the failure mode of all present devices. Using the pertinent literature the present understanding of the pathophysiology of PD-skin interface behavior is discussed: the peculiarity of epidermal healing, lack of biomaterials compatible to epidermis, and mechanical stresses at the interface, each independently and in combinations are considered causative to this failure. Clinical reports on various permanent PDs are presented and ongoing research efforts at various centers are discussed.
经皮装置（PD）是一种穿透皮肤的外来物质。它在内部器官或腔隙与体外装置之间提供连接。本文描述了用于多种临床和研究目的的经皮装置。植入后相对较快地发生经皮装置-皮肤界面的破坏是所有现有装置的失效模式。利用相关文献，讨论了目前对经皮装置-皮肤界面行为病理生理学的理解：表皮愈合的特殊性、缺乏与表皮相容的生物材料以及界面处的机械应力，每种因素单独或综合起来都被认为是导致这种失效的原因。文中还介绍了各种永久性经皮装置的临床报告，并讨论了各中心正在进行的研究工作。
