Collins S M
J Adv Nurs. 1981 May;6(3):165-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1981.tb03208.x.
This paper sets the scene for future patterns of nursing and nursing education and traces the ways in which the nursing profession has reached the present position. It illustrates the development of nursing over the past 100 years, and examines the key influences which have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, nursing, namely: the Government, the Law and the State; wars and disasters; scientific and technological advances; and people. No attempt has been made to predict or to crystal-gaze, yet the emphasis is firmly placed on the need to plan, to think and to recognize the trends that may determine the future of nursing. Research and education are seen as the tools that will enable nurses to adapt their function to the changing needs of society, whilst preserving the essential or central role of caring. The tapestry--the pattern or web of social relationships, that formed the professional nurse in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, and in the first and second World Wars--presents an unfinished canvas. The present generation of nurses are responsible for continuing to develop that tapestry for future decades, within the framework of the changing social scene of the present day.
本文为未来的护理模式及护理教育奠定了基础，并追溯了护理专业发展至当前状况的历程。它阐述了过去100年护理事业的发展，并审视了已对护理产生影响且可能继续影响护理的关键因素，即：政府、法律与国家；战争与灾难；科技进步；以及人。本文并未尝试进行预测或未雨绸缪，但重点坚定地放在规划、思考以及认识可能决定护理未来的趋势的必要性上。研究与教育被视为使护士能够根据社会不断变化的需求调整其职能，同时保留护理核心或关键作用的工具。在维多利亚时代、爱德华时代以及第一次和第二次世界大战期间构成专业护士的社会关系模式或网络——这幅挂毯——呈现出一幅未完成的画卷。当代护士有责任在当今不断变化的社会背景框架内，为未来几十年继续完善这幅挂毯。
