Sypert G W, Munson J B
Neurosurgery. 1981 May;8(5):608-21. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198105000-00020.
The principles of organization of motor control at the segmental level are developed and discussed in this review. Consideration is given to the concepts of the motor unit, and the motoneuron pool. Recent studies from our laboratories that have significance for hypotheses regarding segmental motor control are presented. These studies indicate that the critical factor controlling motor unit recruitment in heterogenous muscles is motor unit type. This results in motor unit recruitment in the order of increasing contraction strength and fatigability: slow twitch, fatigue-resistant first; fast twitch, fatigue-resistant second; fast twitch with intermediate fatigue resistance third; and fast twitch, fatigable units last. A recruitment model that incorporates this hypothesis is presented in which there is an orderly recruitment of motor units by type. This recruitment model, based on data from cat medial gastrocnemius motor units, closely approximates a theoretical optimal recruitment strategy and is consistent with actual medial gastrocnemius muscle forces generated during free movements in intact animals.
本文综述了节段水平运动控制的组织原则，并进行了讨论。文中考虑了运动单位和运动神经元池的概念。本文还介绍了我们实验室最近开展的一些研究，这些研究对节段性运动控制的假说具有重要意义。这些研究表明，控制异质肌肉中运动单位募集的关键因素是运动单位类型。这导致运动单位按收缩强度和疲劳性增加的顺序募集：首先是慢肌纤维、抗疲劳型；其次是快肌纤维、抗疲劳型；再次是具有中等抗疲劳能力的快肌纤维；最后是快肌纤维、易疲劳型。本文提出了一个纳入该假说的募集模型，其中运动单位按类型有序募集。该募集模型基于猫内侧腓肠肌运动单位的数据，非常接近理论上的最佳募集策略，并且与完整动物自由运动期间内侧腓肠肌实际产生的力量一致。
