Verlander J M, Johns M E
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1981 Aug;14(3):521-31.
Cocaine is an extremely useful drug for various otolaryngologic procedures, and as an anesthetic it is unrivaled for vasoconstriction and decongestion. Its use should not be restricted any more than any other controlled drug. In the majority of procedures 200 to 300 mg. of cocaine is sufficient to obtain adequate anesthesia, decongestion, and vasoconstriction. In cases in which this amount may be less than adequate, injections of lidocaine with epinephrine can be used to supplement the anesthetic action of cocaine. It is difficult to imagine a case requiring 1000 mg. of cocaine as some physicians have reported in the past. To prevent mistaken injections of cocaine solutions, we recommend that they be colored by the pharmacy. To prevent overdosing we recommend starting with a known amount and not exceeding this total dose. We have chosen 200 to 300 mg. as our total dose for most adult procedures. Some pharmacies prepare 250 mg. of cocaine base in saline for those who prefer a cocaine "slush"; this, too, would be acceptable.
可卡因是一种对各种耳鼻喉科手术极为有用的药物，作为一种麻醉剂，它在血管收缩和减轻充血方面无与伦比。它的使用不应比任何其他管制药物受到更多限制。在大多数手术中，200至300毫克的可卡因足以获得足够的麻醉、减轻充血和血管收缩效果。在某些情况下，若该剂量可能不足，可使用含肾上腺素的利多卡因注射来补充可卡因的麻醉作用。很难想象会有像过去一些医生所报告的那样需要1000毫克可卡因的情况。为防止误注可卡因溶液，我们建议药房给它们上色。为防止用药过量，我们建议从已知剂量开始，且不超过总剂量。对于大多数成人手术，我们选择200至300毫克作为总剂量。一些药房为那些喜欢使用可卡因“冰沙”的人准备250毫克的可卡因碱生理盐水溶液；这也是可以接受的。
