Baris C, Guest M M, Frazer M E
Adv Shock Res. 1980;4:153-60.
Endotoxin (E Coli, Difco), 0.5 mg in 10 ml saline, or whole blood, was infused over a ten-minute period in the retrograde direction into a branch of a mesenteric artery in anesthetized dogs; control infusions were physiologic saline or whole blood without endotoxin. After infusion, the animal's blood was allowed to circulate through the microcirculatory field. Changes in the microcirculation were recorded by cine and still photography. After infusion of endotoxin there was coincident margination of leukocytes and thickening of endothelial cells, then formation of fibrin thrombi in small veins, followed by lyses of the thrombi and extravasation of erythrocytes. Systemic blood pressure did not fall until after endothelial cell thickening and leukocyte margination (five to 25 minutes after infusion). The mean pressure fell to between 30 and 50 mm Hg, even though the dose of endotoxin was less than 1/100 of that required to cause this blood pressure fall when given IV. It is hypothesized that intracellular hydration of endothelial cells causes increased leakage of fluids and extravasation of erythrocytes following endotoxin. If the internal volumes of hexahedron-shaped cells increase without an increase in their surface areas they must assume a more spherical shape, thereby permitting gaps to develop between adjacent cells.
将内毒素（大肠杆菌，迪夫科公司生产），0.5毫克溶于10毫升生理盐水中，或与全血混合，在10分钟内逆行注入麻醉犬肠系膜动脉的一个分支；对照注入物为生理盐水或不含内毒素的全血。注入后，让动物的血液在微循环区域循环。通过电影摄影和静态摄影记录微循环的变化。注入内毒素后，白细胞出现贴边现象，内皮细胞增厚，随后小静脉内形成纤维蛋白血栓，接着血栓溶解，红细胞外渗。直到内皮细胞增厚和白细胞贴边后（注入后5至25分钟），全身血压才下降。平均血压降至30至50毫米汞柱之间，尽管内毒素的剂量小于静脉注射引起这种血压下降所需剂量的1/100。据推测，内皮细胞的细胞内水合作用会导致内毒素作用后液体渗漏增加和红细胞外渗。如果六面体形状的细胞内部体积增加而表面积不增加，它们必须呈现更球形的形状，从而使相邻细胞之间出现间隙。
