Shell J W
Surv Ophthalmol. 1982 Jan-Feb;26(4):207-18. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(82)90081-9.
Pharmacokinetic applications in recent years have led to significant advances in systemic drug therapy, but applications to topical, ophthalmic therapy have been far less numerous. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of an administered drug. Thus, it includes the quantitation of such elements of drug bioavailability as tear dilution, drug binding, and vehicle effects; factors affecting corneal absorption and subsequent tissue distribution; dosage form effects; and pathways of elimination. These factors are important because they significantly influence the clinical responses to administered drugs, in some instances to a profound degree. These elements and their clinical implications are discussed along with some recent applications, exemplified with data from studies on frequently prescribed drugs.
近年来，药代动力学在全身药物治疗方面取得了重大进展，但在局部、眼科治疗中的应用却少得多。药代动力学是研究给药药物的吸收、分布、代谢和消除的时间过程。因此，它包括对药物生物利用度的一些要素进行定量，如泪液稀释、药物结合和载体效应；影响角膜吸收及随后组织分布的因素；剂型效应；以及消除途径。这些因素很重要，因为它们在某些情况下会对给药药物的临床反应产生重大影响，有时影响程度很深。本文将讨论这些要素及其临床意义，并结合一些近期的应用实例进行说明，这些实例的数据来自对常用药物的研究。
