Combs D K, Goodrich R D, Meiske J C
J Anim Sci. 1982 Feb;54(2):391-8. doi: 10.2527/jas1982.542391x.
Mineral content of hair is affected by season, breed, hair color within and between breeds, sire, age and body location. Seasonal effects may be due to stage of growth of hair and to changes caused by perspiration, surface contamination and diet. Breed and sire effects on mineral content of hair complicate prediction of nutritional status based on hair analyses because, in many commercial cattle, neither breed nor sire is known. Hair from young animals may be lower in Zn, Mn and Fe, but is higher in Na, Ca, Cu and K than that from older animals. Pigmented hair apparently is higher in Ca, Mg, K and NA than white hair, but trace mineral concentrations are similar in hair of different colors. The effect of body location on mineral content of hair may be due to differences in surface contamination, differences in hair growth cycles and differences in texture of the hair. Concentrations of Ca, P and Cu in hair are not affected by dietary intake of these minerals. Zn and Se contents of hair may reflect dietary intake. Information on other required minerals in lacking. Pb, As and, possibly, Cd levels in hair may be related to dietary or environmental exposure. Because of the many factors that cause variation in mineral content of hair, hair analyses are not likely to be precise indicators of the mineral status of animals. Hair analyses may help to detect severe deficiencies of some required minerals or exposure to some heavy metals. However, if hair analyses are to be conducted, care must be taken to compare values from test animals with those from animals of similar breed, sex, season, sire and color. In addition, new hair growth should be analyzed, environmental contamination should be minimized and the hair samples should be cleaned before analyses.
毛发的矿物质含量受季节、品种、品种内和品种间的毛色、父系、年龄以及身体部位的影响。季节效应可能归因于毛发的生长阶段以及出汗、表面污染和饮食所引起的变化。品种和父系对毛发矿物质含量的影响使基于毛发分析来预测营养状况变得复杂，因为在许多商业养殖的牛中，品种和父系均不明确。幼龄动物的毛发中锌、锰和铁的含量可能较低，但钠、钙、铜和钾的含量高于老龄动物。显然，有色毛发中的钙、镁、钾和钠含量高于白色毛发，但不同颜色毛发中的微量元素浓度相似。身体部位对毛发矿物质含量的影响可能是由于表面污染的差异、毛发生长周期的差异以及毛发质地的差异。毛发中钙、磷和铜的浓度不受这些矿物质饮食摄入量的影响。毛发中的锌和硒含量可能反映饮食摄入量。缺乏关于其他必需矿物质的信息。毛发中的铅、砷以及可能的镉含量可能与饮食或环境暴露有关。由于导致毛发矿物质含量变化的因素众多，毛发分析不太可能成为动物矿物质状况的精确指标。毛发分析可能有助于检测某些必需矿物质的严重缺乏或接触某些重金属的情况。然而，如果要进行毛发分析，必须注意将试验动物的值与品种、性别、季节、父系和毛色相似的动物的值进行比较。此外，应分析新生长的毛发，尽量减少环境污染，并且在分析之前应对毛发样本进行清洁。
