Bhate D V, Pizarro A J, Greenfield G B
Radiology. 1978 Nov;129(2):379-81. doi: 10.1148/129.2.379.
There are two types of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; (a) the secondary type, by far the most common and usually associated with bronchogenic carcinoma; and (b) the idiopathic type, a rare disorder occurring predominantly in males and not associated with any known disease process. Both may be associated with peculiar skin changes known as pachyderma. When idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (IHOA) is associated with pachyderma it is called pachydermoperiostosis. In extremely rare instances, IHOA may occur without pachyderma. Three such cases are described.
(a) 继发性类型，是迄今为止最常见的类型，通常与支气管源性癌相关；(b) 特发性类型，一种罕见的疾病，主要发生在男性中，与任何已知的疾病过程无关。两者都可能与一种称为厚皮症的特殊皮肤变化有关。当特发性肥厚性骨关节病（IHOA）与厚皮症相关时，它被称为厚皮性骨膜病。在极其罕见的情况下，IHOA可能在没有厚皮症的情况下发生。本文描述了三例此类病例。
