Results of immunosuppression in 170 cases of severe aplastic anaemia. Report of the European Group of Bone Marrow Transplant (EGBMT).

This is a report of the European Group of Bone Marrow Transplant (EGBMT) on the influence of immunosuppression (IS) on survival of patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). Fourteen teams participated in this survey involving 170 cases treated from 1974 to December 1980. The 1 year survival was 62.7%. Three types of treatment were used: (1) anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) alone, (2) anti-thymocyte globulin and haplo-identical related bone marrow infusion, and (3) high dose bolus-6-methyl-prednisolone (b-6 MePr). There was no statistical difference in survival between these three groups. Androgens did not modify survival. Blood counts before treatment had a significant prognostic value. Patients with less than 0.2 X 10(9)/l granulocytes and less than 10 X 10(9)/l reticulocytes had 40% 1 year survival; the others had more than 70% 1 year survival. Patients with complete or partial reconstitution had the same good prognosis. In contrast, patients with no improvement after IS had a 27% 1 year survival. Several successive courses of IS improved the prognosis of non-responding patients. This survey confirms that IS improves the survival of patients with SAA. A prospective study will be performed to define the best and safest form of IS and to correlate clinical results with in vitro tests.