Kaprel'iants A S
Biokhimiia. 1982 Jun;47(6):883-95.
The peculiarities of structural organization and functioning of enzymes in biological membranes are reviewed. Based on experimental data it is suggested that these peculiarities are due to the ability of many proteins to form intramembrane aggregates and assemblies differing in life-time and consisting of related and functionally different enzymes, which determines the structural and functional heterogeneity of biological membranes. The importance of formation of dynamical essembl es for the functioning of multienzyme systems is illustrated by the hormone--receptor--adenylate cyclase and redox carrier chains. The general principles of functioning of these systems (e. g. lateral diffusion of constituent components, formation of protein-protein aggregates with terminal life-time, etc.) are discussed. On the whole the biological membranes appear as microheterogenous dynamical structures, whose functioning strongly depends on aggregation-deaggregation of membrane proteins. These processes are affected (i. e. accelerated or decelerated) by a number of factors, such as, for instance, multienzyme system functioning, which also stabilize the molecular assemblies formed. It is assumed that changes in reciprocal intramembrane arrangement of the enzymes and formation of protein-protein complexes may control the local activity of membrane-dependent processes in the cell.
本文综述了生物膜中酶的结构组织和功能特性。基于实验数据表明，这些特性归因于许多蛋白质形成膜内聚集体和组装体的能力，这些聚集体和组装体寿命不同，由相关且功能各异的酶组成，这决定了生物膜的结构和功能异质性。激素 - 受体 - 腺苷酸环化酶和氧化还原载体链说明了动态组装体的形成对多酶系统功能的重要性。讨论了这些系统功能的一般原则（例如，组成成分的侧向扩散、具有终末寿命的蛋白质 - 蛋白质聚集体的形成等）。总体而言，生物膜呈现为微异质动态结构，其功能强烈依赖于膜蛋白的聚集 - 解聚。这些过程受到许多因素的影响（即加速或减速），例如多酶系统的功能，这也稳定了形成的分子组装体。据推测，酶在膜内相互排列的变化以及蛋白质 - 蛋白质复合物的形成可能控制细胞中膜依赖性过程的局部活性。
