Arndt J, Gans I, Rühle H
Schriftenr Ver Wasser Boden Lufthyg. 1981;52:231-49.
For the nuclear power stations in the Federal Republic of Germany, the emissions of the radionuclides C 14, P 32, Fe 55 and Ni 63 in liquid effluents were investigated for several years. For the seven nuclear power stations, for which C 14 was measured for years, the releases in liquid effluents were in the range of 1 to 67 mCi. Yearly releases of P 32 generally do not exceed 0,5 mCi. Exceptions are boiling water reactors during the first two or three years after starting operation. Yearly releases up to 30 mCi were measured. The releases of Fe 55 and Ni 63 are in the range of 1 to 20 mCi per year and thus, in general, low compared to the releases of other activated corrosion products. As a consequence of decontamination measures especially during long shut down of a facility, yearly releases up to 68 mCi of Fe 55 and 190 mCi of Ni 63 occurred. The hypothetical radiation exposure of the public, resulting from these releases is low. The dose is below 1 mrem/a.
在数年时间里，对德意志联邦共和国核电站液态流出物中放射性核素碳 - 14、磷 - 32、铁 - 55 和镍 - 63 的排放情况进行了调查。对于七座多年来测量碳 - 14 的核电站，液态流出物中的排放量在 1 至 67 毫居里范围内。磷 - 32 的年排放量通常不超过 0.5 毫居里。沸水反应堆在运行后的头两三年是例外情况，测量到的年排放量高达 30 毫居里。铁 - 55 和镍 - 63 的年排放量在 1 至 20 毫居里范围内，因此，总体而言，与其他活化腐蚀产物的排放量相比很低。特别是在设施长时间关闭期间采取去污措施后，铁 - 55 的年排放量高达 68 毫居里，镍 - 63 的年排放量高达 190 毫居里。这些排放导致的公众假设辐射暴露量很低，剂量低于每年 1 毫雷姆。
