Foale R, Stefanini L, Rickards A, Somerville J
Am J Cardiol. 1982 Jan;49(1):93-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90282-x.
The ability of two dimensional echocardiography to define right and left ventricular morphology in congenital heart disease was examined in 19 patients with discordant ventricular connections and abnormal relations, but with two ventricles and two unambiguous atrioventricular (A-V) valves. The two dimensional echocardiographic criteria used to identify a chamber as having right morphology were (1) an irregular endocardial surface, (2) insertion of chordae tendineae into the ventricular septum, (3) presence of an infundibulum, (4) a triangular-shaped ventricular cavity, (5) observation of a moderator band, and (6) recognition of the A-V valve as tricuspid. The two dimensional echocardiographic criteria for a left ventricular morphology were (1) a smooth endocardial surface, (2) presence of two discrete papillary muscle groups, (3) an ellipsoid-shaped ventricular cavity, and (4) recognition of the A-V valve as mitral. Identification of the associated A-V valve as mitral or tricuspid was the most reliable criterion, defining each ventricle in all 19 patients. The nature of chordal attachment and papillary muscle insertion successfully identified all left-sided and posteriorly related ventricles and 9 of the 19 anterior ventricular chambers. Other criteria were less useful although, when observed, they confirmed the ventricular type.
对19例心室连接不一致且关系异常，但有两个心室和两个明确房室（A-V）瓣的患者进行了二维超声心动图确定先天性心脏病中左右心室形态能力的研究。用于将一个腔室识别为具有右心室形态的二维超声心动图标准为：（1）内膜表面不规则；（2）腱索插入室间隔；（3）存在漏斗部；（4）心室腔呈三角形；（5）观察到节制索；（6）识别A-V瓣为三尖瓣。左心室形态的二维超声心动图标准为：（1）内膜表面光滑；（2）存在两个离散的乳头肌群；（3）心室腔呈椭圆形；（4）识别A-V瓣为二尖瓣。将相关的A-V瓣识别为二尖瓣或三尖瓣是最可靠的标准，在所有19例患者中明确了每个心室。腱索附着和乳头肌插入的特征成功识别了所有左侧和后方相关的心室以及19个前方心室腔中的9个。其他标准虽然不太有用，但在观察到的时候，它们证实了心室类型。
