Russakoff L M, Oldham J M
Psychiatry. 1982 Feb;45(1):38-44.
Most psychiatric inpatient units call themselves therapeutic communities and hold community meetings where patients and staff meet for a specified period of time (Clark 1977; Joint Commission on Mental illness and Health 1961; Jones et al. 1953; Moline 1976; Wessen 1964). On short-term units which receive a wide spectrum of patients, including involuntary, acutely disturbed and demented patients, the structure and techniques used in running community meetings must be altered from the ways initially described by Jones et al. Certain patients do not function well if the more traditional, less structured model is followed. We will describe specific structural and technical parameters which permit the accommodation of the community meeting to the needs of these patients and result in fewer "failures." These parameters are in part based on the experimental studies by Abramczuk (1972), Daniels and Rubin (1968), and Rubin (1979), who demonstrated the need for more structure. We will describe a typical community meeting on a short-term unit, discussing recurrent themes and patient government.
大多数精神科住院部都称自己为治疗性社区，并会召开社区会议，让患者和工作人员在特定时间段内会面（克拉克，1977年；精神疾病与健康联合委员会，1961年；琼斯等人，1953年；莫林，1976年；韦森，1964年）。在接收各类患者（包括非自愿入院患者、急性精神错乱患者和痴呆患者）的短期住院部，组织社区会议所采用的结构和技巧必须与琼斯等人最初描述的方式有所不同。如果采用更为传统、结构较松散的模式，某些患者的表现就不佳。我们将描述一些具体的结构和技术参数，这些参数能让社区会议适应这些患者的需求，并减少“失败”情况。这些参数部分基于阿布拉姆楚克（1972年）、丹尼尔斯和鲁宾（1968年）以及鲁宾（1979年）的实验研究，他们证明了需要更多的结构安排。我们将描述短期住院部一次典型的社区会议，讨论反复出现的主题以及患者自治问题。
