Brosnan J T
Fed Proc. 1982 Jan;41(1):91-5.
Although the classical pathways of gluconeogenesis are now well understood, they alone do not account for the rate of incorporation of isotopes from labeled precursors into glucose or for the distribution of isotopes within the glucose molecule. Additional factors include the rate of glycerol metabolism relative to the rate of triosephosphate isomerase, isotope dilution in the Krebs cycle, equilibration by the fumarase reaction, flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase, and recycling via pyruvate kinase. The importance of the latter two reactions is greatest when the gluconeogenetic flux is low.
虽然糖异生的经典途径现已为人熟知，但仅靠这些途径并不能解释标记前体的同位素掺入葡萄糖的速率，也无法解释葡萄糖分子内同位素的分布情况。其他因素包括甘油代谢速率相对于磷酸丙糖异构酶的速率、三羧酸循环中的同位素稀释、富马酸酶反应的平衡、丙酮酸脱氢酶的通量以及通过丙酮酸激酶的循环。当糖异生通量较低时，后两个反应的重要性最大。
