Kraly F S, June K R
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1982 Feb;96(1):89-104. doi: 10.1037/h0077863.
Histamine elicited drinking in a dose-related manner typically within 5 min after subcutaneous injection in male albino rats. Threshold for increased drinking was 1.25 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg elicited half of the maximal drinking response that followed 20 mg/kg. Histamine was not differentially potent for drinking in the day or night phase of the diurnal cycle. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, with the hepatic branch left intact, severely attenuated drinking in response to systemic histamine: Vagotomized rats drank later and less than did normal rats after doses of histamine between 1.25 and 40 mg/kg. This attenuation was attributed to the destruction of vagal afferent fibers because histamine-elicited drinking was not affected by blockade of vagal efferents with the peripheral anticholinergic atropine methyl nitrate. Drugs antagonistic to peripheral H2 histamine receptors specifically inhibited drinking in response to histamine: Intraperitoneal cimetidine or metiamide delayed and decreased drinking after sc histamine and temporarily decreased drinking after hypovolemia produced by sc polyethylene glycol, but these H2 antagonists failed to inhibit drinking after water deprivation, cellular dehydration, or isoproterenol. Finally, cimetidine or metiamide inhibited drinking in temporal association with a meal of liquid or solid food without decreasing food intake. These results constitute the first evidence for a peripheral histaminergic determinant of food-related drinking in the rat.
组胺以剂量相关的方式引起雄性白化大鼠皮下注射后通常在5分钟内饮水。饮水增加的阈值为1.25毫克/千克，2.5毫克/千克引起的饮水反应为20毫克/千克后最大饮水反应的一半。组胺在昼夜周期的白天或夜间阶段对饮水的作用无差异。双侧膈下迷走神经切断术，保留肝支完整，严重减弱了对全身组胺的饮水反应：在给予1.25至40毫克/千克组胺后，迷走神经切断的大鼠饮水比正常大鼠更晚且更少。这种减弱归因于迷走传入纤维的破坏，因为组胺引起的饮水不受外周抗胆碱能药物硝酸甲基阿托品阻断迷走传出神经的影响。外周H2组胺受体拮抗剂特异性抑制对组胺的饮水反应：腹腔注射西咪替丁或甲硫米特可延迟并减少皮下注射组胺后的饮水，并在皮下注射聚乙二醇引起血容量减少后暂时减少饮水，但这些H2拮抗剂未能抑制缺水、细胞脱水或异丙肾上腺素后的饮水。最后，西咪替丁或甲硫米特在与液体或固体食物进餐的时间关联中抑制饮水，而不减少食物摄入量。这些结果构成了大鼠与食物相关饮水的外周组胺能决定因素的首个证据。
