Verdaguer J
Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 Feb;93(2):145-56.
In 20 patients with retinal detachments caused by the impact of a soccer ball, the interval between the injury and the diagnosis of retinal detachment was less than one month in ten cases and less than one week in four cases, suggesting that the retinal breaks occur at the time of injury. The most common breaks were superotemporal dialyses and round or oval holes. Macular damage was common. Nineteen of the 20 retinas were reattached surgically, Final visual acuities were 6/12 (20/40) or better in 12 cases, but worse than 6/60 (20/200) in five patients, all of whom had total long-standing retinal detachments or severe traumatic maculopathy. In 48 male patients with X-chromosome-linked juvenile retinoschisis, there was a high proportion with refractive errors. Vitreous veils occurred in 22 patients (47%) and macular lesions were the most common finding. In younger patients the small macular cysts were arranged in a radial pattern and separated by yellow septa. There were also fine radial folds in the internal limiting membrane in most cases. Peripheral retinoschisis was found in 19 patients (39.6%). In eight patients who underwent photocoagulation in one eye, the retinoschisis had not progressed in either eye after a mean follow-up period of 49 months. Retinal detachments occurred in five eyes (5.2%) of the youngest boys with extensive retinoschisis. In a series of 1,000 consecutive cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 9.8% were the result of nontraumatic retinal dialyses. Most o(97%) of the nontraumatic retinal dialyses occurred in the inferotemporal quadrant. Multiple dialyses occurred in 32% of the patients. In a series of 100 cases, the dialyses were bilateral in 37. A familial pattern was demonstrated in eight pedigrees. Surgery, including cryotherapy or diathermy, scleral infoldings, silicone implants, and drainage of subretinal fluid, reattached 97 of the retinas but the visual acuity results were often unsatisfactory.
在20例因足球撞击导致视网膜脱离的患者中，10例患者受伤至视网膜脱离诊断的间隔时间少于1个月，4例少于1周，这表明视网膜裂孔在受伤时就已出现。最常见的裂孔是颞上象限视网膜脱离和圆形或椭圆形裂孔。黄斑损伤很常见。20只视网膜中有19只通过手术复位。12例患者最终视力达到6/12（20/40）或更好，但5例患者视力低于6/60（20/200），所有这些患者都有长期完全性视网膜脱离或严重创伤性黄斑病变。在48例X染色体连锁青少年视网膜劈裂症男性患者中，屈光不正比例较高。22例患者（47%）出现玻璃体膜，黄斑病变是最常见的表现。在较年轻患者中，小的黄斑囊肿呈放射状排列，由黄色间隔分隔。大多数情况下，内界膜也有细小的放射状皱褶。19例患者（39.6%）发现周边视网膜劈裂。8例单眼接受光凝治疗的患者，平均随访49个月后，双眼视网膜劈裂均未进展。广泛视网膜劈裂的最年幼男孩中有5只眼（5.2%）发生视网膜脱离。在连续1000例孔源性视网膜脱离病例系列中，9.8%是非创伤性视网膜脱离所致。大多数（97%）非创伤性视网膜脱离发生在下颞象限。32%的患者出现多个视网膜脱离。在100例病例系列中，37例为双侧视网膜脱离。8个家系显示出家族性模式。包括冷冻疗法或透热疗法、巩膜折叠术、硅酮植入物和视网膜下液引流在内的手术使97只视网膜复位，但视力结果往往不尽人意。
